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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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DOT(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual DOT(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
dot — execute commands in the current environment
. file
The shell shall execute commands from the file in the current
environment.
If file does not contain a <slash>, the shell shall use the search
path specified by PATH to find the directory containing file.
Unlike normal command search, however, the file searched for by
the dot utility need not be executable. If no readable file is
found, a non-interactive shell shall abort; an interactive shell
shall write a diagnostic message to standard error, but this
condition shall not be considered a syntax error.
None.
See the DESCRIPTION.
Not used.
See the DESCRIPTION.
See the DESCRIPTION.
Default.
Not used.
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
None.
None.
If no readable file was found or if the commands in the file could
not be parsed, and the shell is interactive (and therefore does
not abort; see Section 2.8.1, Consequences of Shell Errors), the
exit status shall be non-zero. Otherwise, return the value of the
last command executed, or a zero exit status if no command is
executed.
Default.
The following sections are informative.
None.
cat foobar
foo=hello bar=world
. ./foobar
echo $foo $bar
hello world
Some older implementations searched the current directory for the
file, even if the value of PATH disallowed it. This behavior was
omitted from this volume of POSIX.1‐2017 due to concerns about
introducing the susceptibility to trojan horses that the user
might be trying to avoid by leaving dot out of PATH.
The KornShell version of dot takes optional arguments that are set
to the positional parameters. This is a valid extension that
allows a dot script to behave identically to a function.
None.
Section 2.14, Special Built-In Utilities, return(1p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 DOT(1P)
Pages that refer to this page: return(1p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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