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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | PATTERNS | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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DU(1) User Commands DU(1)
du - estimate file space usage
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for
directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short
options too.
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-0\-0, --null]8;;\
end each output line with NUL, not newline
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-a\-a, --all]8;;\
write counts for all files, not just directories
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-A\-A, --apparent-size]8;;\
print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the
apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to
holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect
blocks, etc.
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-B\-B, --block-size=SIZE]8;;\
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; See SIZE format
below; E.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-b\-b, --bytes]8;;\
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-c\-c, --total]8;;\
produce a grand total
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-D\-D, --dereference-args]8;;\
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command
line
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-d\-d, --max-depth=N]8;;\
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only
if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;
--max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--files0-from\--files0-from=F]8;;\
summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names
specified in file F; if F is -, read names from standard
input
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-H\-H]8;;\ equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-h\-h, --human-readable]8;;\
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--inodes\--inodes]8;;\
list inode usage information instead of block usage
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-k\-k]8;;\ like --block-size=1K
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-L\-L, --dereference]8;;\
dereference all symbolic links
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-l\-l, --count-links]8;;\
count sizes many times if hard linked
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-m\-m]8;;\ like --block-size=1M
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-P\-P, --no-dereference]8;;\
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-S\-S, --separate-dirs]8;;\
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--si\--si]8;;\ like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-s\-s, --summarize]8;;\
display only a total for each argument
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-t\-t, --threshold=SIZE]8;;\
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
greater than SIZE if negative
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--time\--time]8;;\ show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--time\--time=WORD]8;;\
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime,
access, use, ctime or status
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--time-style\--time-style=STYLE]8;;\
time/date format with --time; see TIME_STYLE below
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-X\-X, --exclude-from=FILE]8;;\
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du--exclude\--exclude=PATTERN]8;;\
exclude files that match PATTERN
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#du-x\-x, --one-file-system]8;;\
skip directories on different file systems
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du#du--help\--help]8;;\ display this help and exit
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du#du--version\--version]8;;\
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from
--block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE
environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or
512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or
KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too:
KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
The --time-style STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, or
+FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). Also the
TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The
pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string
(composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o
will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the
command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the
file .o itself).
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and
Jim Meyering.
Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report any translation bugs to
<https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+:
GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project
can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained
from the tarball coreutils-9.11.tar.xz fetched from
⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2026-05-24. If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the
page, or you have corrections or improvements to the information
in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page),
send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 9.11 April 2026 DU(1)
Pages that refer to this page: tmpfs(5), symlink(7)
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HTML rendering created 2026-05-24 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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